Equatorial temperature anomaly during solar minimum

Implications of the Recent Low Solar Minimum for the Solar Wind during the Maunder Minimum

The behavior of the Sun and near-Earth space during grand solar minima is not understood; however, the recent long and low minimum of the decadal-scale solar cycle gives some important clues, with implications for understanding the solar dynamo and predicting space weather conditions. The speed of the near-Earth solar wind and the strength of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) embedded wit...

Daytime altitude variations of the equatorial, topside magnetic fieldaligned ion transport at solar minimum

[1] Above the ion density peak, the interhemispheric transport of plasma plays an important role in shaping the spatial density distribution of the ionosphere. This study uses daytime observations of the ion drift, density, and composition near the geomagnetic equator from the Coupled Ion-Neutral Dynamics Investigation on board the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System satellite, f...

Solar flux variation of the electron temperature morning overshoot in the equatorial F region

Variation of Solar Irradiance and Mode Frequencies during Maunder Minimum

Using the sunspot numbers reported during the Maunder minimum and the empirical relations between the mode frequencies and solar activity indices, the variations in the total solar irradiance and 10.7 cm radio flux for the period 1645 to 1715 is estimated. We find that the total solar irradiance and radio flux during the Maunder minimum decreased by 0.19% and 52% respectively, as compared to th...

Solar forcing of regional climate change during the Maunder Minimum.

We examine the climate response to solar irradiance changes between the late 17th-century Maunder Minimum and the late 18th century. Global average temperature changes are small (about 0.3 degrees to 0.4 degrees C) in both a climate model and empirical reconstructions. However, regional temperature changes are quite large. In the model, these occur primarily through a forced shift toward the lo...